India's development record,
measured and sourced.

NH length in 2004 was ~65,569 km. The notable jump in 2014 (~76,818 km → ~91,287 km) reflects a one-time reclassification of state highways and other roads as National Highways, not purely new construction. Construction pace has genuinely risen — from ~11 km/day (FY2014) to a peak of ~34 km/day (FY2023-24). Quality and maintenance standards vary significantly by corridor and contractor. Source ↗

Covers 21 cities. Under-construction network is an additional ~1,000 km. Metro connectivity quality and ridership utilisation varies significantly by city; several newer lines operate at lower-than-projected demand. Source ↗

56% of accounts held by women; 67% in rural or semi-urban areas. A meaningful share of accounts were historically zero-balance — though the proportion has declined; average balance is now ~₹4,700. The scheme builds on pre-2014 financial inclusion efforts; Aadhaar-based KYC was essential infrastructure. Source ↗

100% of connections issued to women. Phase 2 (Ujjwala 2.0) launched in 2021 targeted migrant workers without address proof. While connection numbers are high, refill rates among the poorest beneficiaries are below national average — an active policy challenge. Source ↗

Baseline is at JJM launch (August 2019), not 2014. Original 2024 deadline missed; extended to 2028. CAG audit (Maharashtra) found ~75% of schemes incomplete and costs nearly doubled to ₹26,410 cr. Kerala reached ~52% coverage by March 2024. Karnataka survey found ~42% of functional connections not actually delivering water reliably. The 17% baseline reflects all rural households, not just those on JJM — some earlier programmes provided partial piped water. Source ↗

49% of authorised hospital admissions are women. Top performing states: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan. West Bengal has not joined PM-JAY (operates its own Swasthya Sathi scheme). ~65% of claims are from private hospitals. Scheme covers 5 lakh INR per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalisation; does not cover OPD or medicines. Source ↗

UPI is India's own interoperable real-time payments stack, built on the Aadhaar/DPI infrastructure. Now handles >40% of global real-time payment transactions. Built and operated by NPCI (a non-profit infrastructure body) with RBI oversight. The baseline (FY2016-17) is from UPI's first full year of operation. Source ↗

Covers both PMAY-Gramin (rural, MoRD) and PMAY-Urban (MoHUA). Rural programme builds on Indira Awaas Yojana, renamed and expanded in 2016. Delivery is state-implemented; quality, beneficiary selection, and completion timelines vary significantly. Some states have reported completion numbers ahead of physical construction — periodic audits have flagged discrepancies. Source ↗