Border Infrastructure

BRO (Border Roads Organisation) builds and maintains strategic roads in border areas (J&K, Ladakh, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Arunachal, Sikkim, NE states). Post-Galwan (2020), pace increased sharply. Key projects: Atal Tunnel (Rohtang, 9.2 km — world's longest highway tunnel above 10,000 ft, 2020), Sela Tunnel (Arunachal, 2024). 90 bridges constructed in FY2024. China has built extensive road/rail infrastructure on its side of the LAC — India is accelerating to match.