FII / FPI Flows

FII/FPI equity holdings in India have grown ~45× since 2004, reflecting India's rise as an equity market destination. Sharp drop in 2008 (GFC) and partial recovery by 2010 shows volatility. FPIs are renamed from FIIs in 2014. Heavy FPI dependence creates rupee volatility during global risk-off episodes — as in 2022 when net outflows of ₹1.21 L Cr hit the market. FPI equity ownership in NSE500 free-float: ~20%.