Electrification

EV registrations include 2-wheelers (~60%), 3-wheelers (~30%), and cars/buses (~10%) by volume. 2W and 3W EVs dominate due to FAME-II subsidies and lower purchase price. India's EV penetration in new sales: 2W ~5%, 3W ~55%, cars ~2.4% (FY2024). Tata Motors leads the EV car segment. PLI scheme for Advanced Chemistry Cell batteries and EV components is building the supply chain. Charging infrastructure expansion is critical for 4W adoption.

India is the world's 4th largest wind energy market. Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra are top states. Wind addition has slowed since FY2019 due to land acquisition, grid connectivity, and competitive tariff issues. Offshore wind (potential: 70+ GW on Gujarat/Tamil Nadu coasts) is still nascent — the first offshore wind tender is being finalised. Re-powering older wind farms with higher-capacity turbines is a policy priority.