Constitutional Changes

India had 91 constitutional amendments by early 2004. Nine amendments were passed 2004–2014; nine more between 2014–2024 (98th–106th). Key post-2014 amendments: 101st (GST, 2016), 102nd (OBC National Commission, 2018), 103rd (10% EWS reservation, 2019), 104th (SC/ST reservation extension, 2020), 106th (Women's Reservation — 33% seats in Lok Sabha & state assemblies, 2023, operative post-delimitation). The amendment rate (~1.2 per year) has been broadly consistent across different governments.