BRICS

BRICS expanded from 5 (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) to 10 members at the Johannesburg Summit (August 2023): new members Ethiopia, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE joined from January 2024. India is a founding BRICS member. The grouping collectively represents ~45% of global population and ~35% of global GDP (PPP). India has navigated BRICS membership alongside the Quad, reflecting its multi-alignment. India-China tensions post-Galwan (2020) have complicated intra-BRICS dynamics.