e-Governance

DigiLocker is a government document wallet for storing and sharing digitally signed documents: Aadhaar, driving licence, vehicle RC, degree certificates, COVID vaccine certificates, PAN, etc. 65 crore users have stored 700+ crore documents/certificates. Accepted as valid originals in courts and government processes. Supreme Court and 1,300+ issuers integrated. Concerns: digital divide excludes elderly/rural users; data breach risks from centralised storage.

India's National Quantum Mission (NQM) was approved by CCEA on 19 April 2023 with a budget of ₹6,003 crore for 2023–2031. Goals: develop intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50–1000 physical qubits within 8 years; satellite-based quantum communications over 2,000 km; quantum cryptography; quantum sensing and metrology. Four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) set up at premier institutions. India is one of six countries (USA, China, EU, UK, Canada) with a dedicated national quantum mission. NQM positions India to participate in the next wave of computing and secure communications.

UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) launched November 2017 as a single app integrating central and state government services: EPFO, CBSE, Aadhaar, passport, DigiLocker, PMAY, health, and more. 1,963 services from 200+ departments across Centre and states as of FY2024. 9 crore+ downloads. Challenges: service quality varies widely; many services require physical follow-up; rural adoption limited by digital literacy gaps.