Net-zero emissions target year (NDC commitment)

India committed to net-zero by 2070 at COP26 (November 2021) — 10 years after China (2060) and 20 years after the US/EU (2050). NDC interim targets (2030): 500 GW non-fossil fuel capacity, 50% cumulative electricity from non-fossil sources, 45% reduction in emissions intensity of GDP vs 2005. India updates NDC every 5 years. Carbon credit market (CCTS framework) launched 2023. Finance for adaptation (loss & damage) remains contested at UNFCCC. India's per-capita emissions remain among the lowest of major economies at ~1.9 t CO2e.